TL;DR - Changing the Channel Width setting to Auto 20/40 Mhz increases throughput a lot. May have issues with my secondary 5 Ghz radio on D-Link firmware. Better performance to be gained with the power of tweaking settings available in DD-WRT compared to stock firmware. Secondary 5 GHz radio functions better with DD-WRT, but clearly has issues since it stopped working. Updates if I figure that out.
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Hopefully this will help others in the future. I had too much time on my hands, so I ran a bunch of experiments. I installed D-Link firmware v. 1.21B05 and put it through a bunch of scenarios. Wired computer is getting 254 Mbps up and down (I pay for 250, so this is great - faster than full speed).
All of the following tests were done sitting in the same spot 10 feet from the router in the line of sight (no obstructions). all using the Ookla SpeedTest app on my iPhone X. Baseline 2.4Ghz test - 76 down, 74 up. Repeated multiple times with very little variation.
5GHz bands both on, same SSID, Both set to 802.11ac only, Wifi Channel - Auto, Transmission power High, Channel Width - Auto 20/40/80 Mhz. Ran 3 tests, average results were 0.5 down, 65 up.
Next, I turned off the secondary 5Ghz band, other settings the same. Results average 80 down, 65 up.
Next, I changed the channel width to Auto 20/40 Mhz. Average 180 down, 140 up. Changed the channel from Auto to each individual channel (36, 40, 44, 48) and had about the same results as Auto channel.
Then I switch off the Primary 5Ghz and turned on the secondary with the original settings listed above. 3 test results average - 1 down, 26 up.
Changed the channel width to Auto 20/40Mhz. Tests averages 3 down, 70 up. Changing the channels to 149, 153, 157, 161, and 165 did show variation in speed, with the lower channels at 1.25 down, 44 up, and the best being channel 165 at 3 down, 70 up.
Conclusion - Changing the Channel Width setting to Auto 20/40 Mhz increases throughput a lot. May have issues with my secondary 5 Ghz radio on D-Link firmware. Could disable the secondary radio and call it all good, though what is the point of paying for such a device if it doesn't function well. I also have no hypothesis as to why the narrow channel is faster - is that normal? I'm about to apply DD-WRT again and run similar tests to confirm if it is the firmware that is the issue or the hardware.
EDIT - DD-WRT v3.0-r38993 std (2/28/19) firmware installed.
Tests
2.4Ghz baseline - Channel Auto, Channel Width 20 Mhz 48 down, 55 up
2.4Ghz channel width - Wide HT40 (40 Mhz) 52 down, 55 up (no significant change)
2.4Ghz channel width - Wide HT40 (40 Mhz) Explicit beam forming enabled - 50 down, 46 up (no significant change)
5 GHz both active, AC-only, Channel - Auto, Channel Width - VHT80 (80 Mhz), extension channel - lower lower, beam forming disabled. 67 down, 103 up
5 Ghz both active, adding explicit beamforming - 66 down, 87 up
Primary 5 Ghz only -AC-only, Channel - Auto, Channel Width - VHT80 (80 Mhz), extension channel - lower lower, beam forming disabled. 40 down, 20 up (odd!)
Adding explicit beamforming 66 down, 55 uo
Changing Extension channel to lower upper - 76 down, 110up
Changing Extension channel to upper lower - 94 down, 112 up
Changing Extension channel to upper upper - 109 down, 117 up
Changing channel width 40 Mhz - 75 down, 125 up (lower & upper extension chanels made no difference)
Changing channel width 20 Mhz - 66 down, 50 up
Changed channel width to 80 MHz, extension channel to upper, upper, enabled NitroQAM (QAM1024 support) 103 down, 112 up
Changed channel to 48 - 246 down, 215 up!!! Tested in disbelief 5 times. Never seen these type of speeds wirelessly!
Secondary 5 Ghz only -AC-only, Channel - Auto, Channel Width - VHT80 (80 Mhz), extension channel - lower lower, beam forming disabled. 57 down, 46 up
Adding explicit beamforming 68 down, 58 up
Changing Extension channel to lower upper - 76 down, 41 up
Changing Extension channel to upper lower - **Radio stopped broadcasting SSID**
After much work, determined radio is broadcasting at very low power. Signal drops further than 2 feet away. Even when close, 3 down, 10 up is the best I can get. Changing to previous settings didn't fix the issue.
Conclusion - Better performance to be gained with the power of tweaking settings available in DD-WRT compared to stock firmware. Secondary 5 GHz radio functions better with DD-WRT, but clearly has issues since it stopped working. Updates if I figure that out.